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The Decline of Trust in Post-Communist Societies: The Case of Bulgaria and Russia :: [>>>]
Pehlivanova, Plamena
After the fall of communism in Bulgaria and Russia, the form of underground communities still remained in the collective consciousness, as people became even more secluded around their tight circles of family and friends. The family bonds became the new cradle of trust that might have resulted in the low levels of bridging and out-group trust. Trust toward government institutions and formal organisations have dramatically declined in accord with the decline in social and political participation. From observations of the Bulgarian society from 2000 to present, I propose that informal personal contacts on the micro-level rather than formal institutional participation on the macro-level tend to generate social trust and thus hamper institutional legitimacy. The family substitutes the role of the institution as it provides for value priorities and moral resources for one’s realisation. Contrary to the Tocqueville and Putnam model, I propose that in Bulgaria and Russia such interpersonal relations generate trust and intermediary organisations do not. Furthermore, the paper will study: 1) the levels of trust in comparison to the levels of social participation, 2) the level of economic development and 3) the development of the family structure as an influential factor of trust and social/political participation. The study will focus on the social development of post-communist Bulgaria and Russia (from 1999 to present), with the Chinese and Dutch societal model as comparison.
ključne riječi: trust; social capital; confidence; fatalism; social and political participation; intermediary organisations; legitimacy organisations 
The Post-Modern Society: Which are the Basic Value-Orientations? :: [>>>]
Lane, Jan-Erik; Reber, Frank
Political behaviour like voting or allegiance to political parties is today less a function of the social structure and more an expression of the value orientations that the electorate harbours. The new research into political culture has resulted in numerous findings concerning the role of dominant value orientations like post-materialism, trust and gender or egalitarianism as well as individualism. In this article, we examine a question never resolved in the political culture research, namely if the dominant value orientations are independent of each other or not. We show that this is really the case meaning that ordinary people have multiple value orientations, which increases the complexity of politics in the post-modern society. One really cannot speak of one set of values that would constitute the set of values for the post-modern society.
ključne riječi: values  indicators  value orientation  social capital  egalitarianism  WVS  the independence hypothesis  post-materialism  gender and trus